Agarose Beads

Agarose beads consist of small spherical particles of agarose which are different in diameters and concentrations and are widely used for size exclusion or affinity chromatography. Standard, cross-linked and highly cross-linked agarose beads (without ligand linking) are used in Gel Filtration Chromatography (or size Exclusion Chromatography) in which molecules are separated by their size in solution (Figure 1).

Gel Filtration Chromatography — Figure 1 (Size Exclusion Chromatography)

For affinity chromatography however, ligands such as nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) or iminodiacetic acid (IDA) are covalently linked to the agarose bead polymer which can be further used for separation of tagged proteins from other proteins (Figure 2). For decades, Agarose beads have been used for protein purification. Physical characteristics of agarose beads significantly vary between different kinds of beads and result in their different applications. Standard agarose beads (not cross-linked) are used for separation techniques whereby gravity force runs the samples through the agarose matrix. However, for high-pressure separation techniques, highly cross-linked and cross-linked beads must be chosen. Highly cross-linked and cross-linked beads are physically and chemically more stable than the standard agarose beads, hence, the higher the level of cross-linking is the more stable the matrix are. To produce Highly cross-linked and cross-linked beads, agarose beads must be treated with a particular reagent.

Agarose Resins Variations

ZELLX® is providing high quality agarose resins for size exclusion and affinity chromatography to cover the full range of applications:

Standard Agarose Beads (4%)

Standard Agarose Beads (4%) consist of 4 percent agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm which are not cross-linked. It is a resin routinely used for gel filtration and coupling affinity ligands. This agarose matrix is not pre-activated and therefore needed to activated by the end user.

Standard Agarose Beads (6%)

Standard Agarose Beads (6%) consist of 6 percent agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm which are not cross-linked. It is a resin routinely used for gel filtration and coupling affinity ligands. This agarose matrix is not pre-activated and therefore needed to activated by the end user.

Standard Agarose Beads (4%), Cross-linked

Standard Agarose Beads (4%), Cross-linked consist of 4 percent agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm which are cross-linked. It is a resin routinely used for gel filtration and coupling affinity ligands. This agarose matrix is not pre-activated and therefore needed to activated by the end user.

Standard Agarose Beads (6%), Cross-linked

Standard Agarose Beads (6%), Cross-linked consist of 6 percent agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm which are cross-linked. It is a resin routinely used for gel filtration and coupling affinity ligands. This agarose matrix is not pre-activated and therefore needed to activated by the end user.

Standard Agarose Beads (4%), Highly Cross-linked

Standard Agarose Beads (4%), Highly Cross-linked consist of 4 percent agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm which are cross-linked. It is a resin routinely used for gel filtration and coupling affinity ligands. This agarose matrix is not pre-activated and therefore needed to activated by the end user.

Standard Agarose Beads (6%), Highly Cross-linked

Standard Agarose Beads (6%), Highly Cross-linked consist of 6 percent agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm which are cross-linked. It is a resin routinely used for gel filtration and coupling affinity ligands. This agarose matrix is not pre-activated and therefore needed to activated by the end user.

Nickel NTA Agarose Beads

Nickel-NTA Agarose beads consist of cross-linked agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm which loaded with Nickel (Ni 2+) via Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) linkage with ≥50 mg/ml binding capacity. This resin matrix works well with the His-Tag Buffer and used for purification of from a variety of expression systems such as baculovirus, yeast, mammalian and bacterial cells.

Glutathione Agarose Resin

Glutathione Agarose Resin consists of not cross-linked agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm which covalently linked to glutathione via sulfur atom with ≥ 8 mg recombinant GST / ml binding capacity. This resin used in affinity purification of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and GST fusion proteins. This matrix can be used in a one-step purification method and allows rapid, mild and highly selective purifications of proteins containing glutathione binding sequences. Buffers containing reduced glutathione can be used to displace Bounded GST-fusion proteins.

Glyoxal Low Density Agarose Resin (6%) Cross-linked

Glyoxal Low Density Agarose Resin (6%) Cross-linked consist of 6 percent agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm that allow a covalent binding of agarose to lysine amino groups. The low content of aldehydes groups (15-25 µmoles Glyoxal /ml gel) in this resin provides a very good option to conjugate affinity ligands without distorting the target ligand and hence improves the stability of the ligand. Glyoxal Low Density Agarose Resin (6%) Cross-linked has the Coupling Capacity of 5-10 (mg bsa/ml gel) and is ready to use (no activation needed).

Glyoxal High Density Agarose Resin (6%) Cross-linked

Glyoxal High Density Agarose Resin (6%) Cross-linked consist of 6 percent agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm that allow a covalent binding of agarose to lysine amino groups. The high content of aldehydes groups (40-60 µmoles Glyoxal /ml gel) in this resin provides a very good option to conjugate affinity ligands without distorting the target ligand and hence improves the stability of the ligand. Glyoxal High Density Agarose Resin (6%) Cross-linked has the Coupling Capacity of 20-25 (mg bsa/ml gel) and is ready to use (no activation needed).

Glyoxal Low Density Agarose Resin (4%) Cross-linked

Glyoxal Low Density Agarose Resin (4%) Cross-linked consist of 4 percent agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm that allow a covalent binding of agarose to lysine amino groups. The low content of aldehydes groups (15-25 µmoles Glyoxal /ml gel) in this resin provides a very good option to conjugate affinity ligands without distorting the target ligand and hence improves the stability of the ligand. Glyoxal Low Density Agarose Resin (4%) Cross-linked has the Coupling Capacity of 5-10 (mg bsa/ml gel) and is ready to use (no activation needed).

Glyoxal High Density Agarose Resin (4%) Cross-linked

Glyoxal High Density Agarose Resin (4%) Cross-linked consist of 4 percent agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm that allow a covalent binding of agarose to lysine amino groups. The high content of aldehydes groups (40-60 µmoles Glyoxal /ml gel) in this resin provides a very good option to conjugate affinity ligands without distorting the target ligand and hence improves the stability of the ligand. Glyoxal High Density Agarose Resin (4%) Cross-linked has the Coupling Capacity of 15-20 (mg bsa/ml gel) and is ready to use (no activation needed).

Protein G Agarose Beads (4%) Highly Cross-linked

Protein G Agarose Beads (4%) Highly Cross-linked consist of 4 percent highly cross-linked agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm which covalently bound to rProtein G. This resin provides a very stable bond that greatly minimize leakage of the Protein G allowing for reuse of the affinity resin in several purification steps. It works well in High Flow conditions and used to purify classes, subclasses and fragments of immunoglobulins from cell culture media and other biological fluids.

Protein A Agarose Beads (4%) Cross-linked

Protein A Agarose Beads (4%) Cross-linked consist of 4 percent cross-linked agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm which covalently bound to rProtein A. This resin provides a very stable bond that greatly minimize leakage of the Protein A allowing for reuse of the affinity resin in several purification steps. Protein A Agarose Beads (4%) Cross-linked has the Binding Capacity of 25 (mg Human IgG/ml resin) and is good for the purification of a wide range of Immunoglobulins from different mammalian species.

Streptavidin Agarose Resin highly cross-linked

Streptavidin Agarose Resin consists of highly cross-linked agarose beads with size of 50-150 µm which covalently linked to Recombinant streptavidin (a tetrameric protein containing four biotin-binding sites) with free biotin binding capacity of >120 nmol/ml. This resin is used for affinity chromatography purifications of biotinylated proteins from non-biotinylated proteins, including but not limited to affinity purification of antigens when used with biotinylated antibodies.